Java

Every Java developer hits exceptions early. But the difference between checked and unchecked exceptions — and when to use which — trips people up for years. This post goes deep. The Exception Hierarchy # Everything starts from Throwable: Throwable ├── Error (unchecked — don't catch these) │ ├── OutOfMemoryError │ ├── StackOverflowError │ └── ... └── Exception (checked — must handle or declare) ├── IOException ├── SQLException ├── ... └── RuntimeException (unchecked — optional to handle) ├── NullPointerException ├── IllegalArgumentException ├── ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException └── ... The rule is simple:

Java 25 is here, and if you’re on Windows you have a few options for getting it running locally. This post walks through the full setup — from downloading the JDK to running your first program in the console. Option 1: Download the JDK Directly # I’d recommend sticking with open-source JDK distributions. Here are the main options: